sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). These typically deposit in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as a building stone, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. It is also an important reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone can resist weathering for centuries and retains intricate carvings, which is why it was used to build famous landmarks like Petra in Jordan and the White House in the USA.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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