sedimentary

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (Formula: SiO2 primary, with various cements)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown to buff; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8. Features a sandpaper-like texture due to quartz grains.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Tan, yellowish-brown to buff
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified March 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This specimen appears to be a river-worn or beach-worn pebble, meaning it has been mechanically rounded by water erosion over hundreds to thousands of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz content), and as decorative landscaping stone. In industry, it can be used for its abrasive properties.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous structures like the treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in Delhi are carved from sandstone. This specific rounded shape is known as a 'clast'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. It is extremely common in riverbeds, coastlines, and sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for unique colors or fossil inclusions.

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