sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, tan, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None/Planar bedding; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Gray, tan, or brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified May 18, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, tan, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None/Planar bedding; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Over millions of years, pressure and minerals like silica or calcite cement these grains into solid rock. Found in ancient riverbeds, deserts, and marine environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction, road building, as a material for grindstones, and sometimes as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Some of the world's most famous structures, like the White House and the Treasury at Petra, are carved from or faced with sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. To identify in the field, look for layering (bedding) and test with a hand lens to see mineral grains. It is extremely common worldwide in sedimentary basins.