sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-based); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-based)
Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 18, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-based); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains (usually quartz or feldspar) over millions of years in environments like beaches, deserts, or river beds. Most surface sandstones are Phanerozoic in age.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are made of layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding patterns known as Liesegang rings.