sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose)
Sandstone (Principally SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale, varying by cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale, varying by cementation)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale, varying by cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts) which are then lithified through compaction and cementation. This usually occurs in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz content), and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sand-paper-like feel. It is found globally in sedimentary basins. For collectors, look for ripple marks or bedding planes that indicate ancient environmental conditions.
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