sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, beige, or reddish; Luster: matte/dull; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- tan, brown, beige, or reddish
- Luster
- matte/dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, beige, or reddish; Luster: matte/dull; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Typically deposited in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years (geological age varies from Precambrian to Holocene).
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (building stone), for paving, making grindstones, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are primarily made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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