sedimentary

Tumbled sandstone pebble

Sandstone, predominantly quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide staining

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically Mohs 6–7 for quartz grains, but variable; tan-orange, fine-grained, dull to earthy luster, porous, and lacking visible crystal cleavage. The smooth elongated shape indicates natural water wear or tumbling.

Identified August 26, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Lithified sand compacted and cemented, likely during the Paleozoic–Cenozoic (exact age cannot be determined visually); iron oxides produced the ochre color. Common in river gravels, beaches, deserts, and sedimentary basins.

Uses & applications

Used as aggregate, building stone, paving, and decorative material; attractive polished pieces are sold as inexpensive curios or craft stones.

Geological facts

Sandstone color commonly reflects cement and weathering minerals: iron oxides create yellow, orange, and red tones. Its texture may reveal individual sand grains under magnification.

Field identification & locations

Identify by gritty microscopic texture, visible grains, moderate porosity, and acid resistance compared with calcite-rich limestone. Common worldwide, especially near exposed sedimentary formations; a streak, magnifier, and hardness test help confirm it.