mineral
Turquoise and Red Coral (with Grizzly Bear Claw)
Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) and Precious Coral (Corallium rubrum)
Turquoise: Hardness 5-6, waxy to subvitreous luster, sky-blue to green, triclinic structure. Coral: Hardness 3.5, organic luster, red/orange, calcium carbonate composition.
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Physical properties
Turquoise: Hardness 5-6, waxy to subvitreous luster, sky-blue to green, triclinic structure. Coral: Hardness 3.5, organic luster, red/orange, calcium carbonate composition.
Formation & geological history
Turquoise forms via hydrothermal precipitation in copper-rich rocks (often Miocene/Cenozoic). Coral is an organic gemstone formed by marine polyps in subtropical waters.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in jewelry, lapidary arts, and cultural artifacts, specifically Southwest Native American (Navajo/Zuni/Hopi) jewelry.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones used in human history; the bear claw accompanying these stones often signifies strength and protection in indigenous cultures.
Field identification & locations
Identify turquoise by its characteristic spider-web matrix and waxy feel; coral is identified by its lack of stone-like coldness and grain patterns. Found in Arizona, New Mexico, and globally in Iran/China.
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