mineral
Turquoise (Dyed Howlite/Magnesite)
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Natural Turquoise) or Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (Howlite)
Hardness: 5-6 (Natural) or 3.5 (Howlite); Color: Sky blue to green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Natural) or 3
- Color
- Sky blue to green
- Luster
- Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Natural) or 3.5 (Howlite); Color: Sky blue to green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions through preexisting minerals in dry climates, often associated with copper deposits and volcanic rock.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and as a popular collector's gemstone due to its vibrant color.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by ancient Egyptian pharaohs and Aztec kings. Much of the commercial 'turquoise' today is actually dyed howlite or magnesite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct blue-green color and vein-like matrix. Collectors should check for dye by rubbing with acetone or checking for a white interior if the stone is chipped.
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