mineral
Turquoise in Matrix
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue-green with brown or grey host rock (matrix), Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue-green with brown or grey host rock (matrix), Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. Commonly found in arid environments within volcanic or sedimentary host rocks.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads, inlay) and as a collector's mineral. Historically significant for decorative art and talismans.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in history, used by Egyptians since 3000 BCE. The blue color comes from copper, while the green comes from iron or zinc.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive robin's egg blue to green color, opaque nature, and association with copper deposits in desert climates. Common locations include the Southwestern USA, Iran, and China.
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