mineral
Turquoise or Chrysocolla (Inlaid Jewelry)
Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate / Hydrated copper phyllosilicate
Hardness: 2-6 (Mohs), Color: Cyan-green to sky blue, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic/Orthorhombic, Cleavage: None/Perfect, Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2-6 (Mohs), Color: Cyan-green to sky blue, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic/Orthorhombic, Cleavage: None/Perfect, Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It occurs when percolating groundwater enriched with copper reacts with phosphorus and aluminum-bearing minerals.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in jewelry and decorative arts. In ancient times, it was also used as a pigment (cicek).
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in history, prized by the Ancient Egyptians, Aztecs, and Native American tribes for its protective qualities and vibrant color.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its unique blue-green color and often the presence of a dark 'matrix' (host rock). It is commonly found in arid regions like the Southwestern USA, Iran, and China.
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