mineral
Turquoise
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue to green (sky blue, teal, apple green), Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue to green (sky blue, teal, apple green), Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions through preexisting minerals during the weathering and oxidation of copper deposits in arid environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads, inlay) and ornamental carvings; highly valued in Native American and Middle Eastern crafts.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in human history; it was mined by Ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE and used in the burial mask of King Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct hue and waxy surface; often found in desert regions like the Southwestern US and Iran near limonite or copper sites.
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