mineral
Turquoise
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky-blue to green, Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic (rarely occurs as crystals), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky-blue to green, Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic (rarely occurs as crystals), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It typically occurs in arid climates as veins or crusts within rock cavities.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and inlay work. Highly valued as a collector's mineral and in metaphysical practices.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by Ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the French 'turquois' meaning 'Turkish', as it reached Europe through Turkey.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive robin's egg blue color and waxy appearance. Commonly found in Iran, the Southwestern United States, China, and Egypt. Collectors look for 'spiderweb' matrix patterns.
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