sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: reddish-brown to orange from iron oxide; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic/granular texture; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: approx. 2.0-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- reddish-brown to orange from iron oxide
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: reddish-brown to orange from iron oxide; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic/granular texture; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: approx. 2.0-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates oxidation of iron-bearing minerals during deposition in terrestrial or shallow marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as a building stone and paving material; common in landscaping; sometimes used as an abrasive in industrial glass-making.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is famous for forming the spectacular canyons of the American Southwest.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sand-like texture when rubbed and its visible layered or blocky appearance. Often found in riverbeds, desert dunes, and sedimentary basins. Rub against a rough surface to check for grain shedding.
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