sedimentary

Sandstone

Sandstone (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or grey with grainy texture; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, beige, or grey with grainy texture
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 4, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or grey with grainy texture; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar. It can range in age from Precambrian to recent.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for paving, building stone, and tiles; also used as a reservoir rock for oil and water, and in glass manufacturing if high in quartz content.

Geological facts

Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Familiar landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the Nabataean city of Petra are carved from sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, beaches, and desert environments. Collectors look for unique banding patterns known as Liesegang rings.