sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate based on quartz content); Color: Brownish-red to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (approximate based on quartz content)
- Color
- Brownish-red to tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate based on quartz content); Color: Brownish-red to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brownish color suggests oxidation of iron minerals (limonite/hematite) within the matrix or coating the grains.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material, for paving, in the manufacture of glass (if high purity silica), and as decorative garden stones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds or deserts.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible granular texture. Common in arid environments, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Highly prevalent in areas with exposed sedimentary basins.
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