sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, or grey with iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, yellow, or grey with iron oxide staining
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 31, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years (Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as a building stone, for making grindstones, as a source of silica for glass manufacturing, and in landscaping and decorative pavers.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest and the ancient city of Petra are both constructed of or carved into sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible bedding planes. Common in plateau regions and canyon walls. Collectors look for unique banding or 'picture sandstone' patterns.