sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based with various cements)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, yellow, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, yellow, or grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, yellow, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Most commonly found in river beds, beaches, or desert environments through lithification. Can range in age from Precambrian to Quaternary.
Uses & applications
Major construction material for buildings, road base, and concrete. Used as a reservoir rock for oil and gas. Historically used for sharpening tools and grinding grain.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous structures like the Treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from or built with sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible individual grains. It often displays distinct layering or cross-bedding. Found globally in basins and mountainous regions.
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