sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically formed in ancient river beds, deserts, or coastal environments through lithification over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (building stone), road base, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater because of its porosity.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Jordan city of Petra are carved into sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Found worldwide in basins and canyon walls. Collectors often look for colorful 'picture stone' varieties.
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