sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically tan, brown, yellow, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide staining; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Cleavage: none.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Luster: dull to earthy

Identified March 21, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. Generally dates from various geological eras depending on location.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for flagstone, paving, and building facades; also used in manufacturing glass and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth and often contains fossils or preserved ripple marks from ancient water currents. It makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rock on the planet.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally, notably in the Southwestern United States and Australian deserts. Collectors look for unique banding or internal patterns like 'picture sandstone'.