sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron-Oxide Cement
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, yellowish due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellowish due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, yellowish due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brown coloration suggests it formed in an oxygen-rich environment where iron-bearing fluids cemented the grains together.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building stone, for making grindstones, or as a source of silica for glass manufacturing. In this weathered state, it is primarily of interest for educational or basic landscaping purposes.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it a critical reservoir rock for groundwater, oil, and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' texture. Look for layering (bedding planes) and visible grains that are 0.06mm to 2mm in size. It is found globally in desert, river, and coastal environments.
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