igneous
Vesicular Basalt (Iron-rich)
Scoriaceous Basalt
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown to maroon; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Vesicular (pitted with gas bubbles); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Reddish-brown to maroon
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown to maroon; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Vesicular (pitted with gas bubbles); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava. The holes (vesicles) were created by trapped gas bubbles during solidification. The red color indicates oxidation of iron (rusting) after formation.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in landscaping (lava rock), as an abrasive in 'stone-washed' jeans, in construction for lightweight concrete, and as a drainage stone.
Geological facts
The red color suggests this rock was exposed to an oxygen-rich environment while cooling or long after, transforming its iron content into hematite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'holey' or sponge-like texture and its relatively high weight compared to pumice. Often found in volcanic fields or as gravel in garden centers.
