igneous
Vesicular basalt (likely scoria)
Vesicular basalt; chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectDark reddish-brown, highly vesicular, dull to weakly vitreous luster, fine-grained groundmass; typically Mohs 5–6, with no visible cleavage and specific gravity about 2.4–3.0. The copper-red color likely reflects oxidation of iron minerals; the surface appears weathered or possibly polished.
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Physical properties
Dark reddish-brown, highly vesicular, dull to weakly vitreous luster, fine-grained groundmass; typically Mohs 5–6, with no visible cleavage and specific gravity about 2.4–3.0. The copper-red color likely reflects oxidation of iron minerals; the surface appears weathered or possibly polished.
Formation & geological history
An extrusive volcanic rock formed when gas-rich basaltic lava cooled rapidly, trapping bubbles; oxidation commonly occurs in air or near-surface environments. Basalt ranges from recent eruptions to Precambrian examples, so age cannot be determined from the image.
Uses & applications
Used as lightweight aggregate, landscaping stone, abrasive, and occasionally as a decorative specimen; scoria is generally not a jewelry gemstone.
Geological facts
The holes are vesicles formed by escaping volcanic gases, distinguishing scoria from dense basalt. Its reddish color is commonly caused by hematite or other oxidized iron compounds.
Field identification & locations
Identify by abundant irregular pores, black-to-red basaltic color, rough texture, and relatively high density; it is common around volcanic fields, lava flows, and cinder cones worldwide. A magnet may respond weakly because of iron-bearing oxides.
