sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or grey; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or grey
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or grey; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. It can range from various geological ages, frequently Paleozoic to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high silica), for paving stones, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater, oil, and gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Familiar landmarks like the Grand Canyon or the red rocks of Sedona are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally across every continent in sedimentary basins.
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