sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 secondary)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of grains); Texture: Gritty like sandpaper; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, beige, or light brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of grains); Texture: Gritty like sandpaper; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. This process typically occurs in river deltas, beaches, or deserts over millions of years through compaction and cementation by minerals like silica or calcium carbonate.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for flagstone and building facades. Due to its durability and resistance to weathering, it is also used for decorative garden features, sharpening stones, and as an aquifer in geology for groundwater storage.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints or ripple marks from ancient currents. It makes up some of the world's most famous natural landmarks, such as the Grand Canyon and Petra.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct gritty/sandy feel and visible layering (bedding). It will typically scratch glass if it is quartz-rich. Commonly found in sedimentary basins worldwide.