Jasper (Green variety)

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Olive green to dull green; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58–2.91

Formed from the deposition of silica from water into volcanic or sedimentary rock fractures. It is typically found in environments with historical hydrothermal activity. Its age can vary from hundreds of millions to billions of years, often occurring in Precambrian formations.

Predominantly used as a gemstone for jewelry, beads, and carvings. Historically used for making tools due to its conchoidal fracture which allows for sharp edges.

Green jasper was used in antiquity for amulets and seals; the legendary King Solomon was said to have worn it. It is often referred to as 'The Rain Bringer' in Native American traditions.

Identify in the field by its opacity (unlike translucent agate), waxy feel, and lack of visible grains. It is commonly found in riverbeds, or as nodules in volcanic rocks in locations like India, Egypt, and the US (e.g., Oregon and Idaho). Collectors should look for unique banding or 'picture' patterns.