sedimentary
Limestone with Calcite Veins
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Grey core with white veining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in veins; Specific Gravity: 2.71.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Grey core with white veining
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Grey core with white veining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in veins; Specific Gravity: 2.71.
Formation & geological history
Formed in marine environments from the accumulation of shell, coral, and algal debris over millions of years. The white veins represent later fractures that were filled by calcite precipitation from hydrothermal fluids.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction (aggregate, cement), agriculture (soil treatment), and as a common decorative river stone or garden pebble.
Geological facts
Limestone is most likely to contain fossils, and it makes up about 10% of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The white lines are often called 'stress veins' or 'spar veins'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its grey color and white calcite veins; it will effervesce (fizz) when exposed to a drop of weak acid such as vinegar. Commonly found on beaches and in riverbeds.
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