sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (complex silicate composition with iron oxides)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Grey core with tan/orange surface oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Grey core with tan/orange surface oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Grey core with tan/orange surface oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The brown/orange coloration suggests iron oxide precipitation from groundwater (weathering). Common in river beds and coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Primary use in construction as building material, road base, and decorative landscaping stone. Fine-grained varieties are used for sharpening tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 10-20% of the sedimentary rock on Earth. It is a major reservoir for both groundwater and petroleum/gas due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops or as river-tumbled cobbles.
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