sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich), Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-pink, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible grains, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich), Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-pink, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible grains, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed via the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material for buildings and paving, as a source for glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds or beaches. It makes up famous landmarks like Antelope Canyon and the Grand Canyon walls.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers or bedding planes. Often found in arid regions and basins globally. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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