igneous
Xenolith in Basalt
Mafic Igneous Rock with Felsic Inclusion
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs). Color: Dark gray/black matrix with a pink/tan inclusion. Luster: Dull/earthy (weathered). Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) matrix with a phaneritic (coarse-grained) inclusion.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Dark gray/black matrix with a pink/tan inclusion
- Luster
- Dull/earthy (weathered)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs). Color: Dark gray/black matrix with a pink/tan inclusion. Luster: Dull/earthy (weathered). Crystal structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) matrix with a phaneritic (coarse-grained) inclusion.
Formation & geological history
Formed through volcanic activity where a piece of older country rock (likely granite) was torn away and encased in rising basaltic magma. The host rock is of volcanic origin, while the inclusion may be much older.
Uses & applications
Primarily of interest to geological collectors and educators; can be used in decorative landscaping or as an architectural stone when found in larger boulders.
Geological facts
The word xenolith comes from the Greek words 'xenos' (stranger) and 'lithos' (stone). They provide scientists with a 'window' into the composition of the Earth's lower crust and mantle.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for a 'rock within a rock' appearance where the minerals and color of the inclusion contrast sharply with the surrounding matrix. Commonly found in areas with past volcanic activity or glacial deposits.
