sedimentary
Sandstone (lithic/greywacke variety)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2 with various lithic fragments)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Greyish-brown, olive-drab, or salt-and-pepper; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Greyish-brown, olive-drab, or salt-and-pepper
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Greyish-brown, olive-drab, or salt-and-pepper; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithics). These specifically form in high-energy underwater environments like submarine fans or turbidity currents across various geological eras.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as construction aggregate, road base, and occasionally in architecture as dimension stone or pavers.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. This specific variety is often called 'Greywacke' if it contains a significant amount of clay matrix and rock fragments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide, particularly in mountain belts and basins.
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