Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (typically quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in river beds, beaches, or ocean floors over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Predominantly used as a building material, in road construction, as a source for glass manufacturing (if high purity silica), and for artistic carvings.

Geological Facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Treasury at Petra and many cathedrals worldwide are carved from sandstone.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Look for it in arid regions or exposed cliff faces near water sources.

Identified on: 5/3/2026

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