sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff (due to iron oxides); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, yellow, or buff (due to iron oxides)
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 8, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff (due to iron oxides); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or beaches over millions of years (geological age varies from Precambrian to Holocene).

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Antelope Canyon in Arizona and the red sandstone of Petra, Jordan.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is ubiquitous in sedimentary basins worldwide. Collectors look for unique banding patterns (Liesegang rings).