mineral

Yellow Ochre / Limonite

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated Iron Oxide Mix)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 4 to 5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellowish-brown to orange-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 4.3.

Hardness: 4 to 5
Color: Yellowish-brown to orange-brown
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified July 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 4 to 5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellowish-brown to orange-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 4.3.

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary product through the oxidation and weathering of iron-rich mineral ores (like pyrite or magnetite) in oxygenated zones of the earth's crust.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a natural pigment in paints and dyes; historically used in cave paintings and cosmetics. Also serves as a minor iron ore.

Geological facts

Ochre is one of the oldest pigments used by humans, with evidence of its use in prehistoric ritual and art dating back over 70,000 years in sites like Blombos Cave.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic earthy yellow streak and soil-like appearance. It is commonly found in bog deposits or as a weathering crust on iron-bearing rocks. Collectors find it near old mines.