sedimentary
River Sandstone (Lithic Arenite)
Lithic Sandstone (SiO2 dominated with lithic fragments)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, or grey due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Brown, tan, or grey due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, or grey due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains and rock fragments. This specimen appears water-worn, indicating it was transported and smoothed by a river or stream over thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a construction aggregate, for road base, or in glass manufacturing if high in quartz. Smooth river stones are popular in landscaping and decorative aquariums.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Its porosity makes it a critical reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. Commonly found in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal areas. This specific piece is a 'chert-rich' or 'lithic' sandstone found in alluvial deposits.
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