sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Primarily granular quartz; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Primarily granular quartz; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). Usually forms in riverbeds, beaches, or deserts over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stones, and in the manufacturing of glass. Also valued as an aquifer in geology due to its porosity.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and coastal regions. It often exhibits bedding or layering.
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