sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous/Banded)
Clastic Terrigenous Sandstone (SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, and cream banding; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Amorphous/Granular clastic texture; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, and cream banding
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, and cream banding; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Amorphous/Granular clastic texture; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains (mostly quartz). The visible banding and reddish hue are caused by iron oxide (hematite) precipitation from groundwater. Ages range from millions to billions of years depending on the specific formation layer.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building material or decorative stone. High-quality banded specimens are used in lapidary work for cabochons or garden landscaping. Locally, it serves as a critical groundwater aquifer.
Geological facts
The banding in specimens like this is often referred to as 'Liesegang rings', which are secondary sedimentary structures produced by the rhythmic precipitation of minerals from fluids saturating the rock.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and distinct parallel or concentric layering. Commonly found in desert environments, riverbeds, and plateau regions like the Colorado Plateau or various UK formations. Collectors look for unique 'picture stone' patterns.
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