sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, brown, or pink; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.91
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Red, brown, or pink
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, brown, or pink; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.91
Formation & geological history
Formed from silica-rich hydrothermal liquids or volcanic ash that undergoes petrification/silicification within sedimentary environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry (cabochons), carvings, decorative ornaments, and as a collector's gemstone.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used as a gemstone since the ancient world; in Egyptian culture, red jasper was associated with the blood of Isis.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque nature, smooth conchoidal fracture, and inability to be scratched by a steel knife. Common in river beds and desert environments.
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