sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains. The brownish-yellow hue suggests iron-oxide (limonite or hematite) cementation. These rocks can form in deserts, riverbeds, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building stone or flagstone. When crushed, it is used in road bases and glass manufacturing if pure enough. Weathered specimens are common in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona and the Grand Canyon are massive layers of ferruginous sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and along canyon walls. Collectors often look for specimens with unique weathering patterns or 'desert varnish' patinas.
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