Amorphous Solid

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Diabase (also known as Dolerite)

Diabase

Diorite

Diorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Gneiss (specifically Pink Gneiss)

Gneiss (high-grade regional metamorphic rock)

metamorphic

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss (variable mineral formula primarily containing Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

metamorphic

Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)

Granite

Pink Granite

Phaneritic intrusive felsic igneous rock

Granite Pebble

Felsic Plutonic Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Scoria (Red Lava Rock)

Scoria (Vesicular Basalt/Andesite)

Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Basalt

Mafic volcanic rock (Basalt)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite (on host rock)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Satin Spar Gypsum

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Citrine

Quartz (SiO₂) variety

Citrine Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) - specifically, a variety of macrocrystalline quartz

Basalt with Weathered Surface

Basalt

Igneous

Pumice (likely)

Pumice (extrusive igneous rock)

Igneous

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

metamorphic

Diorite (Salt and Pepper Rock)

Diorite

Dyed Quartz (often sold as 'Blue Quartz' or 'Blue Agate')

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial pigment

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Quartz (Iron-Stained Quartz Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

not a rock (biological/ornithological)

Chert Pebble with Quartz Veins

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

sedimentary

Northern Shoveler Duck (Note: This is a biological specimen, not a rock)

Spatula clypeata

Moonstone

Adularia (orthoclase) or Albite (plagioclase), a feldspar mineral (KAlSi3O8 or NaAlSi3O8 respectively, often a mixture)

Citrine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Labradorite (tumbled)

Labradorite (a plagioclase feldspar mineral between anorthite and albite; chemical formula: (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Granite Cobble

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Rough Diamond

Diamond (Pure Carbon: C)

Dyed Howlite (simulating Lavender/Purple Jade or Charoite)

Howlite: Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (when natural)

Sedimentary rock (specifically a concretion or possibly a geode)

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Basalt (Vesicular)

Basalt (Extrusive Volcanic Rock)

Mineral; variety of Quartz

Jasper, possibly Brecciated Jasper or Ocean Jasper due to patterns and color

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), a variety of Chalcedony

Sedimentary Rock

Green Aventurine

Aventurine (Silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).