Anthropogenic (Man Made Material Mimicking Sedimentary Rock)

Cubic Zirconia

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Chert Arrowhead (Projectile Point)

Chert (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz (pebble)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Caliche (also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar)

Primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), often mixed with other minerals like quartz, clay minerals, and iron oxides.

Cobalt Glass Slug (Cullet)

Man-made Silicate Glass with Cobalt Oxide (CoO)

Blue Goldstone

Man-made glass with suspended copper, cobalt, or manganese particles

Calcite

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Sea Glass

Amorphous silicon dioxide (Man-made glass weathered by nature)

Chert Arrowhead

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Cherry Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with iron-rich inclusions/dye)

Chert / Flint Handaxe

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Agate

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO2)

Obsidian (Blue)

Volcanic Glass (SiO2)

Aqua Aura Quartz

Titanium/Gold-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (in a gold ring)

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalized Glass (SiO2 + additives)

Pink Quartz / Sea Glass

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Halite

Halite (NaCl)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Blue-green chrysocolla rough specimen

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper aluminosilicate; commonly associated with malachite, quartz, and limonite

Chert (Arrowhead/Projectile Point)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Mystic Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2) with metallic film coating

Chert Arrowhead

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Goldstone

Aventurine glass

White quartz pebble

Quartz (SiO₂), likely milky quartz

Pink Tumbled Quartz (Dyed)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Fuchsite Quartzite

Fuchsite-bearing Quartzite

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Chert (specifically a Lithic Flake)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (Potassium Mica) KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Titanium Amethyst Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Titanium/Metal Vapor Deposition Layer

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Chert or Flint (polished/water-worn)

Chert (a microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, SiO2). Flint is a specific variety of chert.

Labradorite

Labradorite ((Ca, Na)(Al, Si)4O8)