Metamorphic Or Sedimentary Depending On Local Grade

Orange Quartz (Citrine Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sodalite (blue beads) and Clear Quartz (clear beads)

Sodalite: Na4Al3Si3O12Cl; Quartz: SiO2

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Halite (Rock Salt)

Halite (Sodium Chloride, NaCl)

Pink Thulite (in Pumice-like texture)

Pink Zoisite (Mn-bearing Zoisite), Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)

Garnet Schist

Almandine Garnet in Mica Schist (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Blue Chalcedony

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Group), Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Orange Calcite (likely polished specimen)

Calcite

Chalcedony (variations like Agate or Jasper)

Chalcedony (SiO₂ - microcrystalline quartz)

Chalcedony / Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Heliotrope (Bloodstone)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with inclusions of Hematite (Fe2O3)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Serpentine (Nephrite-like River Cobble)

Serpentinite (Hydrous Magnesium Iron Silicate)

Moonstone

Adularia (orthoclase) or Albite (plagioclase), a potassium aluminum silicate of the feldspar group

Anthracite

Anthracite Coal (C)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Druzy Quartz on Chalcedony Matrix

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone or Mudstone

Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone/Mudstone)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of serpentine minerals like antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite)

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Ruby

Corundum (mineral species), variety: Ruby (Al2O3 with Cr3+ as the chromophore)

Greenschist (Greenstone River Pebble)

Greenschist (Chlorite Schist)

Potassium Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Quartzite with Iron Mineral Banding

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) staining

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon C)

Satin Spar (often marketed as Selenite)

Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate) - CaSO4·2H2O

Blue Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Quartz (Rock Crystal) with minor impurities

Quartz (SiO2)

Blue Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with inclusions

Prasiolite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Common Opal

Hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Jade

Jade can refer to two distinct minerals: Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6). Based on the image, showing a relatively uniform green color and possibly slight translucence in bead form, it is very likely one of these, but determining which one from a photo is difficult without specific testing.

Schist

Mica Schist

Travertine

Travertine (CaCO3 - Calcium Carbonate)

Fuchsite

Fuchsite (a variety of Muscovite mica, K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Prehnite

Prehnite Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2

Beryl (var. Heliodor or Aquamarine)

Beryllium Aluminum Cyclosilicate (Be3Al2Si6O18)

Rough Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)