Metamorphic Or Sedimentary Depending On Local Grade

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with aluminum impurities)

Petrified Wood

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Calcified / Silicified Wood

Chert (Jasper/Mudstone variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Brown Jasper

Jasper (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Muscovite Schist with Quartz

Mica Schist (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Rhodonite (in matrix)

Rhodonite (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Rhodonite

Manganese Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Siltstone

Siltstone (primarily composed of SiO2)

Ironstone Concretion (Limonite/Goethite)

Iron oxide concretion (contains FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Sandstone (Ferruginous Concretion)

Ferruginous Sandstone Concretion / SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement

Ferruginous Sandstone (Ironstone)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed of SiO2 with Fe2O3/FeO(OH) cement)

Chert (Chert Nodule)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Calamites (Fossil)

Calamites sp. (Tracheophyta, Equisetopsida)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

White Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) or Albite mixtures

Yellow Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chert (often called Flint when dark)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Specular Hematite with Quartz and Limonite

Hematite (Fe2O3) with Quartz (SiO2) and Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Quartz (Milky/Common)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Yellow Calcite

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Magnetite

Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Gold Ore in Quartz

Auriferous Quartz (Gold: Au; Quartz: SiO2)

Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Ferruginous Sandstone

Arenite with Iron-Oxide Cement (FeO(OH)·nH2O / Fe2O3)

Limonite Concretion (Ironstone)

Limonite / Goethite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Blue Chalcedony

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18)

Ironstone with Limonite/Goethite coating

Ferruginous Sedimentary Rock (contains Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Coal (specifically Bituminous or Anthracite)

Organic sedimentary rock; primarily Carbon (C) with varying H, S, O, N

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced "nice")

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal component)

Ammonite Fossil

Ammonoidea (Calcium carbonate or Pyrite replaced)