Mineral (Found In Igneous And Metamorphic Rocks)

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sodalite

Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2 (Sodium Aluminum Silicate Chloride)

Marble

Marbles are primarily composed of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) or dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate, CaMg(CO3)2).

Metamorphic Rock

Gneiss

Foliated Metamorphic Rock (Gneiss)

Pyrite (Iron Pyrite)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate

Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz (SiO2)

Amethyst (Faceted)

Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities (SiO2)

Organic Gemstone (for pearl), Mineral (for sapphire/topaz)

Baroque Pearl (and potentially a small Sapphire/Blue Topaz)

Pearl: Calcium Carbonate (aragonite or calcite) with conchiolin. Sapphire: Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3). Blue Topaz: Al2SiO4(F,OH)2.

Strawberry Quartz (or Hematoid Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Hematite or Goethite

Amazonite

Microcline (KAlSi3O8) with lead impurities

Ferruginous Quartz Cobble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Quartz with Pyrite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Rough Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Sodalite

Sodium aluminum silicate chloride (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Soapstone (Steatite)

Steatite (primarily Talc: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)

Amethyst (Polished/Carved Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Iron (Fe)

Gold

Gold (Au)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Strawberry Quartz (Lepidocrosite/Hematite-Included Quartz)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide) with Lepidocrosite or Hematite inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3 · nH2O)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium/Iron)

Quartzite Cobble

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (primarily SiO2)

Quartzite (Yellow/Iron-stained Quartz)

Quartzite (primarily SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (high-grade metamorphic silicate rock)

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), specifically the blue-green variety

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (MnSiO3)

Quartz (Milky/Common)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Quartz (Milky/Smoky variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rhodonite

Manganese Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Fluorite

Calcium fluoride (CaF2)

Mineral, often a rock given its aggregate nature

Yellow Jade (often Serpentine or Dolomite)

Primarily Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), though the term 'yellow jade' is also sometimes applied to varieties of true nephrite or jadeite.

Mica Schist

Mica Schist (predominantly Muscovite or Biotite sheet silicates)

Granite Pebble (River Rock)

Granite (composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

igneous

Black Tourmaline

Schorl (Sodium Iron Aluminum Borosilicate Hydroxide), NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4