Mineral (Gemstone)

Yellow Quartzite (Orange Quartzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide staining

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Apache Tears (Obsidian)

Hydrated Volcanic Glass (Amorphous SiO2 + H2O)

Tiger's Eye

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2)

Chert (variously known as Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert Pebble (Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz (likely) or a Quartzite Pebble

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for quartz. If it's quartzite, it's a metamorphic rock primarily composed of quartz.

Lapis Lazuli

A metamorphic rock primarily composed of lazurite (Na,Ca)8[(S,SO4,Cl)2|(Al6Si6O24)], calcite (CaCO3), and pyrite (FeS2).

Amber (specifically Cherry Amber)

Succinite (with the chemical formula C10H16O)

Diamond

Carbon (C), specifically in an isometric crystal system.

Green Quartzite

Meta-quartzite with Fuchsite inclusions (K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 + SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variation)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate (specifically Lake Superior Agate or similar)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide impurities, SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Garnet (likely Pyrope or Almandine)

Garnet Group (complex nesosilicate minerals, e.g., Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3, Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3, Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3, Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3, Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3). The vivid red color in the image strongly suggests Pyrope or Almandine.

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Labradorite

Labradorite (a variety of Plagioclase Feldspar), Na(AlSi3O8) to Ca(Al2Si2O8)

Almandine Garnet

Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Lapis Lazuli

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl,OH)2 (Lazurite-dominated rock)

Chert (Iron-stained)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz (on matrix)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO₂)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Chert (Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Yellow Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Serpentine

Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Gneiss

Gneiss (a type of metamorphic rock)

Black Tourmaline (Schorl)

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock, not a single mineral; primary mineral is Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2

Kyanite (Blue or Blue-Grey)

Kyanite (Al2SiO5)

Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz and feldspar)

Diamond

Carbon (C)