Mineral (Processed Alloy)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock)

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2 with impurities)

Limonitic Scoria (Vesicular Basalt with Iron Staining)

Highly vesicular basalt heavily stained by Limonite [FeO(OH)·nH2O]

Halite

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Serpentine (Serpentinite)

Serpentinite (complex of minerals including Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile); (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss (variable mineral formula primarily containing Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Olivine (Peridot when gem-quality)

Magnesium Iron Silicate, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Mahogany Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass) with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions, SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Chrysoprase

Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline SiO2 variety)

Labradorite

Labradorite (a variety of Plagioclase Feldspar), Na(AlSi3O8) to Ca(Al2Si2O8)

Quartz (Float/Abraded)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2)

Blue Tiger's Eye (Hawk's Eye)

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variation)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Mixed Gemstone Beaded Jewelry

Various minerals (e.g., Quartz varieties like Rose Quartz, Amethyst; Peridot; Garnet; etc.)

Desert Varnish (on Sandstone)

Rock Varnish (composed of Manganese oxides, Iron oxides, and Clay minerals)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Porphyritic Igneous Rock / Porphyry

Porphyry (Plagioclase/Quartz phenocrysts in a finer-grained groundmass)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Dyed Agate

Agate (Cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Granite Cobble

Granitoid (typically containing Quartz SiO2, Feldspar KAlSi3O8, and Mica minerals)

Tumbled Obsidian (possibly Mahogany Obsidian variant)

Volcanic Glass (Amorphous Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Polished blue calcite sphere (tentative identification)

Calcite, CaCO₃; blue color generally results from trace impurities or inclusions

Moonstone

Adularia (orthoclase feldspar variety)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Quartz with Rutile)

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions

Red Jasper (River Polished)

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals usually (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Quartz (River Pebble)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of minerals in the serpentine group: (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Mixed Tumbled Gemstones and River Rocks

Mixed Decorative Stones (predominantly Silicon Dioxide - SiO2 variants)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Greenstone, likely serpentine or green jasper

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite; possibly quartz-rich jasper

Sandstone

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Clear Quartz (or Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Sandstone Cobble with Liesegang Rings

Arenite with iron oxide precipitation (SiO2 matrix with Fe2O3 banding)

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)