Mineral (Silicate Variety)

Sandstone

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock, composed predominantly of sand-sized minerals or rock fragments)

Iridescent Ammonite

Ammonoidea (Species: likely Cleoniceras or Desmoceras); Mineral: Aragonite/Ammolite (CaCO3)

Garnet (likely Almandine, Pyrope, or a blend)

Garnet group minerals: X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X and Y represent various metal ions (e.g., Almandine: Fe3Al2(SiO4)3, Pyrope: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of mineral group (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock)

Banded Agate (specifically Red Agate or Sardonyx variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) / Tiger Iron variety

Banded Iron Formation (predominantly Hematite, Magnetite, and Chert/Quartz - SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Micaceous Sandstone or Quartzite

Sandstone (lithified quartz grains, often with mica) or Quartzite (metamorphosed sandstone)

Amethyst (Rose de France varieties or Amethystine Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Igneous Rock (primarily composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6)

Chert (Field Stone/Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Green Tourmaline (Verdelite)

Tourmaline Group; often Elbaite (Na(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4) or Dravite (NaMg3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4)

Tiger's Eye

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with fibrous inclusions of crocidolite

Chert (Brown variety / Common Jasper)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Basalt

Mafic Volcanic Basalt (Major minerals: Plagioclase feldspar, Pyroxene; Minor: Olivine, Magnetite)

Granite (Pink/Red Orthoclase variety)

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

Mixed Tumbled Gemstones and River Rocks

Mixed Decorative Stones (predominantly Silicon Dioxide - SiO2 variants)

Pumice

Pumicite (fine-grained pumice), Scoria (similar origin but denser and darker, usually basaltic)

Quartz (possibly milky quartz or quartz with inclusions)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Jasper, Agate, Quartz Mix (Polished Beads)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) for Quartz. Jasper and Agate are cryptocrystalline varieties of Quartz.

Septarian Nodule (Yellow Jasper variety)

Septarian Nodule (comprising Calcite, Aragonite, and Limestone/Bentonite)

Peridotite (with Olivine and Pyroxene)

Ultramafic Magmatic Rock (Primary minerals: (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 and (Ca, Mg, Fe)2Si2O6)

Caliche (also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar)

Primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), often mixed with other minerals like quartz, clay minerals, and iron oxides.

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of serpentine group minerals like lizardite, antigorite, and chrysotile)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals, (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Sunstone

Plagioclase Feldspar (specifically Oligoclase variety with hematite or goethite inclusions) Chemical Formula: (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)2Si2O8

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (Quartz variety) with Fuchsite inclusions (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O10(OH)2)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Turquoise (likely Sleeping Beauty variety or treated Howlite imitation)

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Quartz (Float/Abraded)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Serpentine Jade (New Jade/Olive Jade)

Serpentinite (a rock composed primarily of serpentine minerals) / Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 for Antigorite and Lizardite

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate (specifically Mexican Lace Agate variety appearance)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2 / Chalcedony)

Blue Lace Agate (Heat-treated/Crackle Quartz variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate (specifically Moss Agate or Plume Agate variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Quartz Crystal

Quartz (SiO₂)

Garnet (Red Garnet)

Garnet Group. The red varieties seen in jewelry are typically Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3), Pyrope (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3), or a mix of the two (pyrope-almandine series).