Mineral (Silicate Variety)

Sandstone

Sandstone (composed primarily of sand-sized minerals or rock grains)

Red Sandstone (Siltstone/Mudstone variety)

Ferruginous Sandstone (composed primarily of Quartz with Hematite cementation)

Pink Stained Rock (Likely Quartzite or Sandstone with Iron Oxide Staining)

Quartzite (metamorphic) or Sandstone (sedimentary); coloration likely due to hematite or other iron oxides.

Jasper and Aquamarine (likely)

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)), Aquamarine (Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18))

Sandstone (Pebble)

Sandstone (arenite, arkose, wacke depending on composition)

Sandstone

Sandstone (arenite is a more specific geological term for a clean sandstone, while wacke refers to a dirty sandstone with significant matrix)

Fluorite (often referred to casually as 'Fluorspar' in industrial contexts)

Fluorite (CaF2)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Granite

Granite (a common name for a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Agate (or Banded Agate)

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz); Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Obsidian

Volcanic glass

Gneiss (likely)

Gneiss

Calcite (likely a tumbled specimen)

Calcite (CaCO 3 )

Basalt

Basalt

Tiger's Eye (Tumbled Blue/Black-Golden variety)

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2 with Iron inclusions)

Amber (Black)

Amber (succinite, retinite, etc., specifically, heavily included/dark varieties)

Banded Agate (Mutton-fat or Pork-stone variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Black Obsidian

Obsidian, volcanic glass (Amorphous SiO₂)

Druzy Quartz Geode (likely Smokey Quartz variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - specifically a geode formation lined with druzy quartz crystals, with a likely brownish hue indicating smokey quartz.

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Serpentine

Serpentine Group Minerals (e.g., Antigorite, Chrysotile, Lizardite)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide impurities (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Aventurine (likely Green Aventurine)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with included minerals (Fuchsite for green)

Sandstone (likely a river or beach pebble)

Sandstone (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Goldstone

N/A (Synthetic Glass with Copper Inclusions)

Banded Agate (specifically Botryoidal/Orbicular Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron and magnesium inclusions

Quartzite (specifically an iron-stained or Carnelian-colored variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Marble

Marble (metamorphosed limestone/dolostone). Predominantly composed of Calcite (CaCO3) for marble derived from limestone, or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) for marble derived from dolostone.

Banded Chert / Banded Jasper (likely a variety of Chert/Chalcedony)

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Marble

Metamorphosed Limestone/Dolomite

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions

Quartzite

Quartzite

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various inclusions

Obsidian (likely Golden Sheen Obsidian or Rainbow Obsidian, given the subtle sheen visible on some beads)

Obsidian (volcanic glass, predominantly SiO2 with various impurities)

Jade

Jadeite or Nephrite

Sandstone (Pebble/Cobble)

Sandstone (arenite is a more precise term for sandstone with less than 15% matrix; this specimen appears to be a lithic or quartz arenite)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions, SiO2)