Minerals

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert Arrowhead

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)

White Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gypsum (Satin Spar/Desert Rose variety)

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Chert (Jasper/Flint variation)

Chert (SiO2)

Milky Quartz with Iron Staining

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Iron Meteorite

Siderite (meteoritic iron, Fe-Ni alloy)

Milky Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (and Petrified Wood)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Greenstone

Metabasalt (Greenstone Facies)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Ca-rich Plagioclase, Pyroxene, and Olivine)

Schist

Mica Schist (variety: Muscovite/Biotite Schist)

Greenstone / Greenschist

Greenschist (composed primarily of Chlorite, Epidote, and Actinolite)

Biotite Schist

Biotite Schist

Red Sandstone

Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)

Iron-stained Quartz

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide (SiO2 with Limonite/Hematite impurities)

Garnetiferous Pegmatite

Pegmatite with Almandine Garnet and Muscovite

Banded Gneiss (with possible weathered sulfide or iron staining)

Gneiss, potentially with iron oxide/hydroxide staining (e.g., limonite) or weathered sulfides

Gneiss

Gneiss

Malachite

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Sandstone with Iron Oxide Staining

Arenite with Limonite/Hematite alteration

Ironstone Concretion

Siderite or Hematite Concretion

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily Quartz, SiO2, with Iron Oxide cementing agent)

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Permineralized Vertebrate Bone (Hydrox yapatite replaced by Silica or Calcite)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Ironstone (with Limonite/Goethite)

Ferruginous Sedimentary Rock (contains Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O and Hematite Fe2O3)

Dendritic Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of manganese or iron oxides

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Desert Rose (Sand Barite/Gypsum Rose)

Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) or Hydrated Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Botryoidal Goethite

Goethite (α-Fe3+O(OH))

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite with Iron Oxide cement (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Eclogite (retrograded)

Eclogite (Omphacite-Garnet rock)

Silver (Native Element)

Ag (Argentum)

Diamond (in jewelry setting)

Diamond (C - Pure Carbon)