Organic (Non Geological)

Banded Chert

Chert (a microcrystalline variety of quartz, SiO2 with minor impurities)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite or Calcite) and Conchiolin

Dog (Sleeping)

Canis familiaris (or Canis lupus familiaris)

Peridot (likely, given the color and bead form)

Olivine, variety Peridot (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Peridot

Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Marble

Marble (metamorphosed limestone/dolostone). Predominantly composed of Calcite (CaCO3) for marble derived from limestone, or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) for marble derived from dolostone.

Ambergris

Ambrein (C30H52O)

Laterite

Laterite (no specific mineral formula as it's a rock type)

French Bulldog (Blue Variety)

Canis lupus familiaris

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Orange cabochon gemstone, likely amber or amber-like resin

Natural amber: fossilized plant resin (organic mineraloid), commonly succinite; exact identification requires testing

Asphalt

Asphalt concrete (engineered material, not a naturally occurring rock/mineral in this form)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Goethite

Goethite (α-FeO(OH))

Ambergris

Ambra grisea (Metabolic byproduct)

Gold

Aurum (Elemental Gold, Au)

Ambergris

Ambrein-rich Calculus

Carved Mottled Greenish-Yellow Crystal/Glass Object

Unknown; possibly a form of quartz (chalcedony/jadeite/nephrite) or glass/resin.

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Bituminous Coal (Grade of Coal), Anthracite (Grade of Coal)

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Brachiopod Fossil (Spiriferid)

Phylum Brachiopoda, Order Spiriferida (CaCO3 - Calcium Carbonate)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood, primarily composed of Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varietal known as Jasper or Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Shale or Argillite

Shale (sedimentary) / Argillite (metamorphic)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz/Chalcedony)

Amber

Amber (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Coral (Precious Coral)

Corallium rubrum (Red Coral), Paracorallium japonicum (Momo Coral), Pleurocorallium elatius (Sardinian Coral), various other species within the Corallidae family. Chemically, it's primarily Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ).

Serpentine

Serpentine group minerals (e.g., Antigorite, Chrysotile, Lizardite). Chemical formula: (Mg, Fe)₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Amber

(C10H16O)n – an amorphous organic substance, primarily composed of polymerized isoprenoids.

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily composed of SiO O₂)

Limonite (Iron Ore/Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Limonite (mixture of FeO(OH)·nH₂O minerals, mainly Goethite, FeO(OH) and Lepidocrocite, FeO(OH))

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Rose Quartz

Rose Quartz (SiO2)

Wood Jasper

Siliceous sedimentary rock (variety of Chert/Chalcedony)

Travertine (used in construction, not a 'specimen' in situ)

Travertine

Garnet-bearing granite or pegmatitic granitic rock

Coarse-grained granitoid, likely granite or pegmatite, composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with almandine/spessartine garnet and dark biotite or amphibole

Shale

Shale

Orange Tabby (Felis catus)

Felis silvestris catus (variety: Red Mackerel Tabby)

Chalcedony Geode

Chalcedony (SiO2) within a geode structure